Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 11 Psychology Solutions

Chapter 3 Self Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

1A. Complete the following statements.

Question 1.
The self-concept begins to form when ___________
a. a one and half-year-old child recognizes her image in the mirror
b. an infant is able to distinguish his body from the rest in his surrounding
c. a child recognizes his/herself as a boy or a girl
Answer:
b. an infant is able to distinguish his body from the rest in his surrounding

Question 2.
According to Carl Rogers, every individual strives for ___________
a. achievement
b. self-actualization
c. status in society
Answer:
b. self-actualisation



Question 3.
Self-esteem is a sense of self-worth that depends upon ___________
a. actual performance of an individual
b. self-perception of one’s own performance
c. other people’s performance perception of one’s
Answer:
b. self-perception of one’s own performance

Question 4.
Ability to monitor our actions and feelings, is called ___________
a. self-regulation
b. self-awareness
c. self-efficacy
Answer:
a. self-regulation

1B. State whether the following statements are true or false and give a reason for your answer.

Question 1.
Congruence between the real self and ideal self is an indicator of good mental health.
Answer:
True
Explanation: Congruence between the real self and ideal self leads to a greater sense of self-worth and thereby, indicates good mental health.

Question 2.
Namrata aspires to become a pilot but she should not be encouraged because one must choose a profession appropriate to their gender.
Answer:
False
Reason: It is wrong to think that profession should be chosen based on one’s gender. Gender roles are diluting in modern times.

Question 3.
People with high self-esteem are not necessarily the ones who are always successful.
Answer:
True
Explanation: People with high self-esteem may not always succeed. But they have high self-worth even when they encounter failure.



Question 4.
Accepting mistakes helps improving self-esteem.
Answer:
True
Explanation: Accepting mistakes enables a person to take steps to correct them in the future and thereby, improve self-esteem.

Question 5.
Self-awareness is a necessary attribute to have a healthy self-concept.
Answer:
True
Explanation: Self-awareness enables a person to have realistic perception of oneself and thereby, helps in the formation of healthy self-concept.

1C. Identify the odd item from the following.

Question 1.
Goal-orientation, Internal values, Feeling of superiority, Positivity
Answer:
Feeling of superiority

Question 2.
Fear of risks, Fear of uncertainty, Self-confidence, Impression management
Answer:
Self-confidence

Question 3.
Self-indulgence, Self-awareness, Self-efficacy, Self-esteem
Answers:
Self-indulgence

1D. Match the following pairs.

Question 1.

A	B
1. Rentsch and Heffener model	a. A sense of self-worth
2. Carl Rogers	b. Monitoring one’s own actions
3. Congruence between ideal and real self	c. Confidence in one’s own abilities to complete a task
4. Self-esteem	d. Categories of self-concept
5. Self-regulation	e. Fully functioning person
6. Self-efficacy	f. Good mental health

Answer:

A	B
1. Rentsch and Heffener model	d. Categories of self-concept
2. Carl Rogers	e. Fully functioning person
3. Congruence between ideal and real self	f. Good mental health
4. Self-esteem	a. A sense of self-worth
5. Self-regulation	b. Monitoring one’s own actions
6. Self-efficacy	c. Confidence in one’s own abilities to complete a task

2. Answer the following questions in around 35-40 words each.

Question 1.
How do we develop a concept of our ‘self’ as we grow?
Answer:



Question 2.
Explain the sex identity and sex role as a part of the self-concept.
Answer:

Question 3.
What are the ways in which we can achieve congruence between the ideal self and the real self?
Answer:
Some of the ways in which we can achieve congruence between the ideal self and the real self are:

Question 4.
Why is the congruence between the ideal self and the real self is very significant to enjoy psychological well-being?
Answer:

Question 5.
What is meant by self-esteem?
Answer:

Question 6.
Describe the characteristics of individuals with high self-esteem.
Answer:
Some characteristics of individuals with high self-esteem are as follows:



Question 7.
What are the ways to improve one’s self-esteem? Give example.
Answer:

Question 8.
What are the characteristics of individuals with self-efficacy? Give examples.
Answer:

Question 9.
What is self-image?
Answer:

Question 10.
What are the ways to regulate self? Give examples.
Answer:

3. Compare and contrast

Question 1.
Ideal self — Real self
Answer:



Question 2.
Private self — Objective self-awareness
Answer:

Question 3.
People with high self-esteem and People with low self-esteem
Answer:

4. How will you deal with the following situations if it were you in those situations?

Question (a).
Grishma thinks she is extremely good-looking – which is not true in reality – she aspires to become a star model.
Answer:
I feel few important characteristics to become a star model are confidence, physical fitness, gracefulness, and determination.

I will talk to Grishma about the incongruence between her ‘real self’ (self-image) and ‘ideal self. I will also make her understand that even though she is not extremely good-looking, she can actualize her potential by taking efforts to sharpen her other positive attributes.

Question (b).
Harshad is avoiding places where he has to meet many people as he wears spectacles and he has got lot of pimples.
Answer:



Question (c).
Sushma is too short so she does not mix with others.
Answer:

5. Write short notes in 50-60 words each.

Question 1.
Gender role
Answer:

For your understanding

Question 2.
Carl Rogers’ theory of self
Answer:

Question 3.
Self-efficacy
Answer:



Question 4.
Self-awareness
Answer:

Question 5.
Self-esteem
Answer:

Question 6.
Self-regulation
Answer:



6. Answer the following questions in 150-200 words.

Question 1.
Give a detailed account of the development of an individual’s self-concept through the stages of life.
Answer:



Question 2.
Explain the theory of the self as proposed by Carl Rogers.
Answer:

Congruent

The self-image is similar to the ideal self.
There is more overlap.
This person can self-actualize.

Incongruent

The self-image is different from the ideal self.
There is only a little overlap.
Here self-actualization will be difficult.