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Animal Jumps – Class 5 Maths Chapter 13 Notes & NCERT PDF

Class 5MathematicsChapter 13NCERT book: Maths Mela - Mathematics Class 5

Notes and a simple summary of Chapter 13 of the NCERT Class 5 Mathematics book, with the official chapter PDF, flashcards, an MCQ quiz and an AI tutor for your doubts.

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Chapter 13: Animal Jumps

Introduction

The chapter opens with a magic box: numbers put into it get multiplied by a secret number, and out come 28, 36, 48 and 72. What could the multiplier be? It could be 1, 2 or 4 — these divide all four numbers. Then we meet jumping animals: a rabbit jumping 4 at a time and a frog jumping 3 at a time on a number line, and Mowgli and his jungle friends (Sher Khan, Bagheera, Baloo, Kaa and Akela) on a numbered trail. Through these jumps we learn about factors, multiples, common factors and common multiples.

The product of two or more factors gives a multiple.
3 × 5 = 15 → 3 and 5 are factors of 15; 15 is a multiple of 3 and of 5.

Key Ideas

1. Factors through arrays

Arranging a number of objects in rows and columns shows its factors.

  • 12: 1 × 12, 2 × 6, 3 × 4 → factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
  • Each factor divides 12 completely. 12 is a multiple of each of them.
  • 1 and the number itself are always factors of any number. A number is always a multiple of itself.
  • Numbers like 13 and 37 can only be arranged in one line (1 × 13, 1 × 37). They have exactly two factors — 1 and themselves — and are called prime numbers.

    • 2. Common multiples — where both animals land

  • Rabbit jumps 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 …
  • Frog jumps 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 …
  • Numbers both touch are common multiples of 3 and 4: 12, 24, 36 … (12 is the first).
  • Spider (3) and grasshopper (6): common multiples 6, 12, 18 … — every multiple of 6, because 6 is itself a multiple of 3.
  • Multiples of 4 and 6: common multiples 12, 24, 36 …

    • 3. Common factors — jumps that reach every friend

  • Jumping by 2 from 0, Mowgli meets friends at 4, 12, 14 and 50 → 2 is a common factor of these numbers.
  • Jumping by 3 reaches 9, 21, 39 and 57 → 3 is their common factor.
  • To reach both 24 and 36 you can jump by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 12 → these are the common factors of 24 and 36.
  • 12 and 13 have only 1 as a common factor. Two consecutive numbers always have only 1 as a common factor, and their product is one of their common multiples.
  • 0 cannot be a factor of any number (we cannot jump by 0 steps to reach anywhere).

    • 4. Divisibility by 2, 5 and 10

  • Divisible by 2: last digit 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 (e.g. 22, 38).
  • Divisible by 5: last digit 0 or 5 (e.g. 75, 45).
  • Divisible by 10: last digit 0 — such numbers (30, 40, 90) are divisible by 2, 5 and 10.

    • Worked Examples

    Example 1 (magic box): Outputs 28, 36, 48, 72. Common factors = 1, 2, 4, so the multiplier could be 1, 2 or 4.

    Example 2 (hunting days): Sher Khan hunts every 3rd day, Bagheera every 5th day. Common multiples of 3 and 5: 15, 30, 45 … They hunt together on days 15, 30, 45 …

    Example 3 (Robby and Deeku): Robby the rabbit jumps 4, Deeku the deer jumps 6. They land together at the common multiples 12, 24, … Food placed on such a number can be reached by both.

    Example 4 (avoiding Sher Khan): Baloo lives at 30, Sher Khan at 25. Mowgli needs a jump that divides 30 but not 25: 2, 3, 6, 10, 15 or 30 steps (not 1 or 5, which also land on 25).

    Example 5 (Kaa and Akela): To meet Kaa at 21 and Akela at 35, the jump must be a common factor of 21 and 35: 1 or 7.

    Maths Words

  • Factor (गुणनखंड), Multiple (गुणज)
  • Common factor (उभयनिष्ठ गुणनखंड), Common multiple (उभयनिष्ठ गुणज)
  • Array (सारणी / पंक्ति-स्तंभ व्यवस्था)
  • Prime number (अभाज्य संख्या)
  • Product (गुणनफल)
  • Divisible (विभाज्य)
  • Consecutive numbers (क्रमागत संख्याएँ)
  • Number line (संख्या रेखा)

    • Maths in Daily Life

  • Buses leaving every 15 and 20 minutes meet again at a common multiple of 15 and 20.
  • Sharing 24 sweets and 36 toffees equally among children needs a common factor.
  • Arranging chairs in equal rows uses factors.

    • Common Mistakes

  • Mixing up factors and multiples (factors of 12 are small numbers that divide it; multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36 …).
  • Forgetting 1 and the number itself in a factor list.
  • Saying “factors of even numbers must be even” — 1 and 3 are factors of 6.
  • Saying “multiples of odd numbers cannot be even” — 3 × 2 = 6.
  • Thinking 0 can be a factor.

    • Practice Tips

  • Make arrays with counters or buttons for 10, 14, 20, 25, 32 and list the factors.
  • Draw number lines and mark two animals’ jumps with different colours; circle where they meet.
  • For true/false statements, try to find one example that breaks the rule.

    • 💡 Key Learning Points

    • ✓A factor divides a number completely; a multiple is the product of the number with a whole number (3 × 5 = 15).
    • ✓Arrays show factors: 12 can be arranged as 1 × 12, 2 × 6 and 3 × 4, so its factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12.
    • ✓Numbers two animals both land on are common multiples (3 and 4 → 12, 24, 36 …).
    • ✓Jump sizes that reach several numbers from 0 are their common factors (24 and 36 → 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12).
    • ✓Numbers like 13 and 37 with only two factors are prime; consecutive numbers have only 1 as a common factor.

    👨‍🏫 Teaching Tips

    • →Play the magic-box game: one child secretly multiplies, others guess the multiplier from the outputs.
    • →Give children counters to build every possible array for 12, 15 and 13 and discover prime numbers.
    • →Draw a big floor number line; two children hop as the rabbit (4) and the frog (3) and call out the common numbers.
    • →Use the Mowgli trail picture: children colour the friends reached by jumps of 2, 3, 5 and 10.
    • →Turn the true/false statements into a debate — each side must give a counter-example.
    • →Sort number cards into ‘divisible by 2 only’, ‘by 5 only’ and ‘by 2, 5 and 10’ in groups.
    • →Connect to the Jungle Book story to keep interest high while solving the hunting-days problem.

    📋 Assessment Questions

    1. Can the child list all factors of a number using arrays (e.g. 20, 32, 54)?
    2. Can the child find 5 common multiples of a pair like 6 and 8?
    3. Can the child find all common factors of a pair like 24 and 36 or 12 and 16?
    4. Can the child explain why 13 and 37 are prime numbers?
    5. Can the child sort numbers by divisibility by 2, 5 and 10?

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    Keep learning

    All chapters in Maths Mela - Mathematics Class 5

    1. 1. We the Travellers — I
    2. 2. Fractions
    3. 3. Angles as Turns
    4. 4. We the Travellers — II
    5. 5. Far and Near
    6. 6. The Dairy Farm
    7. 7. Shapes and Patterns
    8. 8. Weight and Capacity
    9. 9. Coconut Farm
    10. 10. Symmetrical Designs
    11. 11. Grandmother’s Quilt
    12. 12. Racing Seconds
    13. 13. Animal Jumps
    14. 14. Maps and Locations
    15. 15. Data Through Pictures