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Data Through Pictures – Class 5 Maths Chapter 15 Notes & NCERT PDF

Class 5MathematicsChapter 15NCERT book: Maths Mela - Mathematics Class 5

Notes and a simple summary of Chapter 15 of the NCERT Class 5 Mathematics book, with the official chapter PDF, flashcards, an MCQ quiz and an AI tutor for your doubts.

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Chapter 15: Data Through Pictures

Introduction

Samaira and Kabir act like child TV reporters and ask 35 friends, “How many hours a day do you spend watching TV?” They record the answers in a table. Joseph Uncle counts the toys, board games and sports items in his shop, Deepti counts two-wheelers passing her house, Raman and Sheela record how they spend their day, and Rani’s school shows how much food is wasted. In each case, information (data) is collected and shown in tables, pictographs and bar graphs so that we can read it quickly and draw conclusions.

Data is information collected in the form of numbers or facts.
We can show data using a table, a pictograph or a bar graph.

Key Ideas

1. Collecting data in a table

  • Samaira and Kabir’s table lists hours spent watching TV (½ hour, 1 hour, 1½ hours, 2 hours, more than 2 hours) and the number of children for each.
  • A table helps answer questions like “How many children watch TV for more than half an hour?” by adding the right rows.
  • The chapter also asks us to think: Can watching TV for a long time be harmful to the eyes?

    • 2. Pictographs and the scale

  • Joseph Uncle has too many items to draw one picture each. His helper Dipesh suggests using one icon for every 5 items.
  • This is called a scale (key): 1 toy icon = 5 toys. A scale lets us show large numbers with fewer pictures.
  • If there are 4 toy icons, Joseph Uncle has 4 × 5 = 20 toys.
  • Deepti uses one icon = 3 two-wheelers. Half an icon would stand for a smaller part, so choosing a sensible scale matters.
  • We can redraw the same data with a different scale.

    • 3. Bar graphs

  • Raman shows his daily routine with icons (one icon = 1 hour). Sheela draws bars instead.
  • In Sheela’s bar graph: the horizontal line (base) shows the activities; the vertical line shows the number of hours; the height of each bar shows the time spent.
  • Bar graphs make comparisons easy: the tallest bar is the largest value.

    • 4. Reading and interpreting graphs

  • Food wastage graph: food items (Sandwich, Paratha, Khichdi, Puri-Sabzi, Idli-Sambar) on weekdays with wastage in kg. We find the highest and least wastage, the total, and if 1 kg of food can feed 3 children, how many children could have been fed (total kg × 3).
  • Index finger graph: paste strips of paper to compare finger lengths.
  • True or False picture: observe children wearing glasses, caps and holding books, and check statements like “More than half of the children are wearing glasses.”

    • Worked Examples

    Example 1 (pictograph with scale): Scale: 1 icon = 5 board games. Suppose there are 6 icons → 6 × 5 = 30 board games.

    Example 2 (Deepti’s two-wheelers): Scale 1 icon = 3 two-wheelers. Suppose Monday has 8 icons → 8 × 3 = 24; and Wednesday has 6 icons → 18. Monday had 24 − 18 = 6 more.

    Example 3 (food wastage): Suppose the total food wasted in the week is 30 kg and 1 kg feeds 3 children, then 30 × 3 = 90 children could have been fed.

    Example 4 (bar graph): Suppose Sheela’s Studying bar reaches 3 and Raman studies 2 hours → Sheela studies 1 hour more.

    Maths Words

  • Data (आँकड़े)
  • Table (सारणी)
  • Pictograph (चित्रालेख)
  • Icon / Symbol (चिह्न / प्रतीक)
  • Scale / Key (पैमाना / संकेत)
  • Bar graph (दंड आलेख)
  • Horizontal (क्षैतिज), Vertical (ऊर्ध्वाधर)
  • Survey (सर्वेक्षण)
  • Wastage (बर्बादी)

    • Maths in Daily Life

  • Newspapers and TV use graphs to show rainfall, cricket scores and election results.
  • Schools use data on attendance and food wastage to make better decisions.
  • Recording your own daily routine helps plan a balanced day (sleep, study, play).

    • Common Mistakes

  • Forgetting to use the scale: counting icons (6) instead of multiplying (6 × 5 = 30).
  • Reading the wrong bar or reading the bar height against the wrong line.
  • Mixing up “more than 2 hours” and “2 hours or more”.
  • Not labelling axes or giving a title when drawing a bar graph.

    • Practice Tips

  • Do your own survey in class (favourite fruit, way of coming to school) and show it as a pictograph and as a bar graph.
  • Try the same data with two different scales and see which is easier to draw.
  • Always ask: What does one icon stand for? What does each line on the graph mean?

    • 💡 Key Learning Points

    • ✓Data is collected information; it can be organised in tables, pictographs and bar graphs.
    • ✓A scale in a pictograph (e.g. one icon = 5 items) lets us show large numbers with fewer pictures; multiply icons by the scale to read values.
    • ✓In a bar graph, the base shows categories and the height of each bar shows the value, making comparison easy.
    • ✓Graphs are read to find the highest, lowest, totals and differences, and to make predictions.
    • ✓Data helps us think about real issues such as screen time, balanced routines and food wastage.

    👨‍🏫 Teaching Tips

    • →Let children become ‘TV reporters’ and survey classmates on screen time, recording answers in a table.
    • →Bring toy blocks or stickers and let children decide on a scale (1 icon = 5) to show a large count.
    • →Ask children to draw the same data with two scales and discuss which is clearer.
    • →Make a class bar graph of ‘How I spend my day’ using coloured paper strips for bars.
    • →Do the index-finger activity with equal-width paper strips pasted on a chart.
    • →Discuss the food wastage graph and connect it to the school canteen and ways to reduce waste.
    • →Use the True/False picture activity for careful observation and counting before answering.

    📋 Assessment Questions

    1. Can the child read a table and answer ‘how many more/less’ questions?
    2. Can the child read a pictograph using the scale (e.g. 4 icons × 5 = 20)?
    3. Can the child draw a pictograph with a chosen scale?
    4. Can the child read and draw a simple bar graph with labelled axes?
    5. Can the child draw a conclusion from data, such as which food item is wasted most?

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    Keep learning

    All chapters in Maths Mela - Mathematics Class 5

    1. 1. We the Travellers — I
    2. 2. Fractions
    3. 3. Angles as Turns
    4. 4. We the Travellers — II
    5. 5. Far and Near
    6. 6. The Dairy Farm
    7. 7. Shapes and Patterns
    8. 8. Weight and Capacity
    9. 9. Coconut Farm
    10. 10. Symmetrical Designs
    11. 11. Grandmother’s Quilt
    12. 12. Racing Seconds
    13. 13. Animal Jumps
    14. 14. Maps and Locations
    15. 15. Data Through Pictures