Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 9 Geography Solutions Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Tick in front of the correct option ✓

(a) On which of the following are slow movements in the earth’s interior dependent?
Landforms [ ]
Velocity [ ]
Direction [ ]
Answer:
Velocity

(b) When waves divert from each other, what do they create
Compression [ ]
Tension [ ]
Mountain [ ]
Answer:
Tension

(c) For the formation of a rift valley, which of the following processes should occur in the earth’s crust?
Compression [ ]
Tension [ ]
Weathering [ ]
Answer:
Tension

(d) Which of these is a fold mountain?
The Satpudas [ ]
The Himalayas [ ]
The Western Ghats [ ]
Answer:
The Himalayas

(e) The formation of extensive plateaus is a result of which type of movements?
Mountain-building [ ]
Continent-building [ ]
Horizontal [ ]
Answer:
Continent-building

2. Give geographical reasons.

(a) Buildings collapsed at the foothills of the Himalayas because of an earthquake. Before collapsing they were moving forward and backward.
Answer:

(b) There is a difference in the formation of the Meghalaya Plateau and the Deccan Plateau.
Answer:

(c) Most of the volcanoes are found on the plate boundaries.
Answer:

(d) The Barren Island is becoming conical in shape.
Answer:

Therefore Barren Island is becoming conical in shape.

(e) Volcanic eruptions can cause earthquakes.
Answer:

3. Identify and name the internal movement.

(a) Tsunamis are generated in coastal areas.
Answer:
Sudden Movement

(b) The Himalayas are an example of fold mountains.
Answer:
Slow movement – Mountain Building Movements.

(c) Molten magma is thrown out of the earth’s mantle.
Answer:
Sudden Movement

(d) Rift valley is formed because of faulting.
Answer:
The slow movement – Upward – Downward Movement.

4. Arrange the following statements in chronological order in which an earthquake occurs.

(a) The earth’s surface vibrates
Answer:
The plates suddenly move.

(b) The plates suddenly move.
Answer:
Due to the movements in the mantle compression goes on increasing.

(c) Due to the movements in the mantle, compression goes on increasing.
Answer:
Along the weak point (faultlines) rocks break apart.

(d) Along the weak points ( faultlines) rocks break apart.
Answer:
Stored energy is released in the form of seismic waves.

(e) Stored energy is released in the form of seismic waves.
Answer:
The earth’s surface vibrates.

5. Distinguish between

(a) Block Mountain and Fold Mountain
Answer:

(b) Primary and Secondary Seismic Waves
Answer:

(c) Earthquakes and volcanoes
Answer:

6. Answer in brief
(a) Give reasons why an earthquake occurs.
Answer:

Following are the reasons for the occurrence of an earthquake:

(b) Which type of movements have led to the formation of the major fold mountains in the world?
Answer:

(c) How is the magnitude of the earthquake-related to the collapse of houses
Answer:

(d) What are the effects of earthquakes on the earth’s surface and human life?
Answer:
Following are the effects of earthquakes:

(e) Explain the types of seismic waves.
Answer:
When the intension is released at the focus, the released energy travels in all directions. This energy comes towards the Earth’s surface in the form of waves. The seismic waves can be divided into primary, secondary and surface waves.
(i) Primary or ‘P’ waves:

(ii) Secondary or ‘S’ waves :

(iii) Surface or ‘L’ waves :

(f) Explain the types of volcanoes on the basis of the periodicity of eruption with examples.
Answer:
According to the periodicity of the volcanic eruptions, three types of volcanoes can be identified.
(i) Active Volcanoes –

(ii) Dormant Volcanoes –

(iii) Extinct volcanoes –

7. Show the epicenter, focus and the primary, secondary and surface waves of an earthquake with the help of a neat labeled diagram.
Answer:

8. Show the following on a given outline map of the world.

(a) Mt. Kilimanjaro
(b) Mid-Atlantic Earthquake zone
(c) Mt. Fuji
(d) Krakatoa
(e) Mt. Vesuvius
Answer:

Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Intext Questions and Answers

Can you tell?
Read the following news. Observe the photograph and answer the questions.

Question 1.
What caused large-scale casualties?
Answer:
Calamity of earthquake led to large scale casualties.

Question 2.
What was the magnitude of the earthquake?
Answer:
The magnitude of the earthquake was 7.9 Richter scale.

Question 3.
Which country was the most affected because of this earthquake?
Answer:
Nepal was most affected because of this earthquake.

Question 4.
Where was the epicentre of the earthquake?
Answer:
Lamjung in Nepal was the epicentre of the earthquake.

Question 5.
Which are the other affected areas?
Answer:
Bihar, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh in India as well as China, Bhutan, Pakistan and Bangladesh were affected by earthquake.

Question 6.
At what depth was the focus located?
Answer:
The focus of the earthquake was located at the depth of 11 km.

Question 7.
What kind of damage is seen because of the earthquake?
Answer:
Nearly 1500 people were killed and over 1000 people were injured in the disaster.

Question 8.
According to you, what could be the reason behind the earthquake?
Answer:
The sudden release of energy from the interior of the earth leads to earthquakes.

Question 9.
Have you ever experienced a similar earthquake? Discuss.
Answer:
Answers may vary.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Additional Important Questions and Answers

Complete the statements choosing the correct option from the bracket:

Question 1.
Richter scale is a unit of measuring the magnitude of a/an
(a) volcano
(b) creation of plate
(c) earthquake
(d) earth movement
Answer:
(c) earthquake

Question 2.
There are in all major plates on the Earth.
(a) five
(b) seven
(c) nine
(d) four
Answer:
(b) seven

Question 3.
Large scale and sudden release of energy in the interior of the Earth gives rise to Earth movements.
(a) slow
(b) sudden
(c) internal
(d) external
Answer:
(b) sudden

Question 4.
Earthquakes occur due to the movement of
(a) plates
(b) earth
(c) oceans
(d) land
Answer:
(a) plates

Question 5.
Earthquake is measured with the help of an instrument called a
(a) seismogram
(b) thermometer
(c) barometer
(d) hygrometer
Answer:
(a) seismogram

Question 6.
If lava is released through a vent, it is called a vent volcano.
(a) fissure
(b) central
(c) upper
(d) below
Answer:
(b) central

Question 7.
Kilimanjaro is a volcano.
(a) central type
(b) fissure type
(c) extinct type
(d) dormant type
Answer:
(a) central type

Question 8.
A tremendous amount of energy is given out by the radioactive elements in the
(a) crust
(b) core
(c) mantle
(d) sial
Answer:
(c) mantle

Question 9.
The movements that give rise to mountains are called movements.
(a) epiorogenic
(b) orogenic
(c) slow
(d) sudden
Answer:
(b) orogenic

Question 10.
When a portion of the crust between two parallel faults2 is raised up, it is called a mountain.
(a) block
(b) fold
(c) residual
(d) ancient
Answer:
(a) block

Question 11.
The area between two adjoining faults subsides, such area of subsidence is called
(a) rift valley
(b) block mountain
(c) fold mountain
(d) faulting
Answer:
(a) rift valley

Question 12.
Black Forest Mountain in Europe is a mountain.
(a) fold
(b) residual
(c) block
(d) ancient
Answer:
(c) block

Question 13.
The movements that give rise to continents are
(a) orogenic
(c) fold
(b) epeirogenic
(d) fault
Answer:
(b) epeirogenic

(Endogenetic Movements Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 )Tick in front of the correct option.

Question 1.
Which of these is a block mountain?
(a) Black forest mountain
(b) Alps
(c) Andes
Answer:
(a) Black forest mountain

Question 2.
Which type of volcano has eruptions regularly even during present times?
(a) Dormant
(b) Extinct
(c) Active
Answer:
(c) Active

Give one word for each of the following:

Question 1.
A volcano, where lava reaches the surface through a vent or a pipe.
Answer:
Central Vent Volcano

Question 2.
An instrument, which is used for recording earthquakes.
Answer:
Seismogram

Question 3.
The surface position immediately above the origin of an earthquake.
Answer:
Epicenter

Question 4.
An example of a volcanic plateau.
Answer:
Deccan Plateau.

Question 5.
An example of Conical volcanic mountains.
Answer:
Mt. Kilimanjaro

(Class 9 Geography Chapter 2 Endogenetic Movements Questions And Answers ) Answer in one sentence each.

Question 1.
What are Endogenetic processes?
Answer:
Endogenetic processes are processes that originate internally in the Earth’s surface. E.g. earthquakes, volcanoes, continent building, mountain building etc.

Question 2.
What is a Richter scale?
Answer:
It is a scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake.

Question 3.
What is a Focus or Hypocentre?
Answer:
The point below the Earth’s surface where energy is released during an earthquake is called the focus of the earthquake.

Question 4.
What are Primary Waves?
Answer:
The earthquake waves that reach the surface of the Earth first, immediately after the energy is released in the interior of the Earth, are called Primary waves.

Question 5.
What are Secondary Waves?
Answer:
The earthquake waves reporting at the surface after the primary waves are called the secondary waves.

Question 6.
What are Surface Waves?
Answer:
Primary and secondary waves affect the surface on reaching it. As a result a new set of waves gets generated at the surface. These waves are called surface waves.

Question 7.
What are Plates?
Answer:
The parts of varying sizes of the Earth’s crust floating on the upper portion of the mantle are called plates.

Question 8.
What do you mean by an Epicentre?
Answer:
The point located on the surface of the Earth nearest to the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

Question 9.
Explain Orogenic Movements
Answer:
The slow movements in the interior of the Earth that give rise to mountains are called orogenic movements (mountain building movements).

Question 10.
What is Folding1?
Answer:
As energy moves through the interior of the Earth, soft rocks are subjected to pressure leading to creation of folds called folding.

Question 11.
Define Fault.
Answer:
The fracture line created in a rock due to the energy waves moving away from each other is called a fault.

Question 12.
What is a Block Mountain?
Answer:
A raised portion of the crust between two parallel faults is called a block mountain.

Question 13.
What is a Rift valley?
Answer:
The area of subsidence between two adjoining faults is called a rift valley.

Question 14.
Explain Epeirogenic Movements.
Answer:
The Earth’s slow movements that give rise to continents and extensive plateaus are called epeirogenic movements.

Question 15.
Explain the process of Volcanic Eruption.
Answer:
A process in which hot solid, liquid and gaseous materials are thrown out from the mantle of the earth onto the surface of the earth, is called volcanic eruption.

Identify and name the internal movements.

Question 1.
Dust, smoke and mud with some lava coming out of Barren Island.
Answer:
Sudden Movement

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Seismic Focus and Epicentre
Answer:

Question 2.
Central Type Volcano and Fissure Type Volcano
Answer:

Question 3.
Orogenic Movements and Epeirogenic Movements
Answer:

Question 4.
Slow Internal Movements and Sudden Internal Movements
Answer:

Make friends with Maps!

Question 1.
Examine the plate boundaries in the given map and write the names of the plates.
Answer:
North American Plate, South American Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, African Plate, Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate, Antarctic Plate, Arabian Plate, Nazca Plate, Cocos Plate, Caribbean Plate, Scotia Plate, Arabian Plate and Somali Plate.

Question 2.
On which side of the continents of North and South America are the earthquake-prone zones located? Which mountains are located there?
Answer:
The earthquake-prone zone is located on the western side of North and South America. Rockies and Andes mountain ranges are located there.

Question 3.
In which mountainous zone in Asia does the earthquake-prone zone lie?
Answer:
The Himalayan mountainous zone of Asia is an earthquake-prone zone.

Question 4.
In which region are the volcanoes concentrated in Africa? What could be the reason?
Answer:
Volcanoes are concentrated in the eastern part of Africa along the Rift Valley region as this region is located on plate boundaries.

Question 5.
Correlate earthquake regions, distribution of volcanoes and plate boundaries.
Answer:
Plate boundaries are directly related to areas of earthquakes and volcanoes. Most of the volcanoes are located on the plate boundaries. Similarly, the earthquake zones are also seen in the border areas.

Give geographical reasons:

Question 1.
The secondary earthquake waves are very destructive.
Answer:

Answer in brief:

Question 1.
Explain the types of volcanoes on the basis of their type of eruption, with examples.
Answer:
On the basis of the type of eruption, volcanoes can be divided into two types.
(i) Central-type or conical volcano:

(ii) Fissure-type volcano:

Question 2.
Describe the changes that take place on the surface of the Earth, due to the movements taking place in the interior of the Earth.
Answer:
The changes taking place on the surface of the Earth, due to the internal movements of the Earth are as follows:

Question 3.
How are continents and extensive plateaus formed?
Answer:

Question 4.
What are the effects of volcanoes?
Answer:
The following are the effects of volcanoes:

Question 5.
Explain the process of the formation of Block mountains.
Answer:

Question 6.
Explain the process of formation of Rift valley.
Answer: