Give and Take – Class 3 Maths Chapter 12 Notes & NCERT PDF

Class 3MathematicsChapter 12NCERT book: Maths Mela - Class 3

Notes and a simple summary of Chapter 12 of the NCERT Class 3 Mathematics book, with the official chapter PDF, flashcards, an MCQ quiz and an AI tutor for your doubts.

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Chapter 12: Give and Take

Introduction

Give and Take is about adding and subtracting 3-digit numbers and using money. It follows Kishan, who runs a big plant nursery, and Peter uncle, who runs a shop. Children learn to draw box diagrams to understand a problem before solving it, and to use hundreds-tens-ones blocks (Dienes blocks) and number lines.

What's in this Chapter

Warm-up: adding and subtracting small numbers such as 2, 5, 6 and 9 to 3-digit numbers.

Kishan's saplings (adding): Kishan had 364 saplings and brought 52 more. A box diagram shows 364 and 52 joining. With blocks: combine 10 tens to form 1 hundred, then combine 3 hundreds with 1 hundred to get 4 hundreds. Answer: 4 hundreds, 1 ten and 6 ones = 416. A number line can also be used.

Kishan's saplings (subtracting): an order of 230 saplings, with 75 already packed. To take away 5 ones, change 1 ten into 10 ones; to take away 70, open a hundreds block into 10 tens. Answer: 155 more saplings to pack.

Practice problems: 456 saplings with 63 given away (393 left); 309 saplings plus 80 (389); 270 compared with 36 (234 more).

Writing word problems from box diagrams such as 234 boys + 156 girls, or 356 books - 138 books.

Number grid (451-530): solving 456 + 10, 481 + 19, 405 + 23, 519 - 40 and noticing how digits change when adding 100, 10 and 1.

Jadupur village: long ago people exchanged things: Shaamu Kaka gave 5 sacks of rice for 10 sacks of vegetables; Dariya Didi gave 5 sacks of onions for 2 sarees. Why were different quantities given? Today we use money, notes and coins.

Money: one Rs 10 note can buy one hawa mithai or ten toffees. Salma buys two bottles of milk for Rs 100; Kiran buys a basket of pomegranates for Rs 100. Matching notes and coins of the same value; five Rs 100 notes equal one Rs 500 note.

Peter uncle's shop: he had Rs 465 in the morning and Rs 756 by afternoon, so he earned Rs 291. Other problems: Rs 640 + Rs 215; Reena pays Rs 209 with a Rs 500 note; Shireen saves Rs 100 every week; savings of Rs 250, Rs 125 and Rs 350.

Estimating to the nearest hundred, comparing expressions without calculating (e.g. 373 + 23 or 373 + 40), finding equal pairs (516 + 100 = 816 - 200), and a number-card game for the biggest sum and smallest difference.

Key Ideas

Draw a box diagram first to see what is joined and what is taken away.

When adding, 10 ones make 1 ten and 10 tens make 1 hundred.

When subtracting, 1 ten can be opened into 10 ones and 1 hundred into 10 tens.

Money uses notes and coins of different values; the same amount can be paid in different ways.

Estimating helps check whether an answer makes sense.

Activities from the Book

Solve problems with Dienes blocks, number lines and play money.

Write your own word problems from box diagrams.

Play the 0-5 number-card game for biggest sum and smallest difference.

Words to Learn

Add (जोड़ना) - put together

Subtract (घटाना) - take away

Sum (योग) - the answer when adding

Difference (अंतर) - the answer when subtracting

Estimate (अनुमान) - a close guess

Note (नोट) and coin (सिक्का)

Exchange (अदला-बदली) - giving one thing for another

Sapling (पौधा) - a young plant

Nursery (पौधशाला) - a place where plants are grown

Tips for Parents & Teachers

Play shop at home with paper notes of Rs 100, Rs 10 and Rs 1.

Before solving, ask: "Will the answer be more or less than 500?"

As the book advises, avoid "keywords"; ask the child to draw the story instead.

Common Mistakes

Forgetting to carry: writing 364 + 52 as 3116 instead of 416.

Subtracting the smaller digit from the bigger one in each place (e.g. 230 - 75 written as 245).

Forgetting that the same amount can be paid with different notes and coins.

💡 Key Learning Points

✓Box diagrams help children see what is being added or taken away before they solve a problem.
✓Adding 3-digit numbers: 10 ones make a ten and 10 tens make a hundred (364 + 52 = 416).
✓Subtracting 3-digit numbers: open a ten into 10 ones or a hundred into 10 tens (230 - 75 = 155).
✓Money replaced barter; notes and coins of different values can make the same amount in different ways.
✓Estimating to the nearest hundred and comparing expressions without calculating builds number sense.

👨‍🏫 Teaching Tips

→Encourage Dienes blocks and number lines before any written method, as the teacher's notes stress.
→Ask children to draw a box diagram for every word problem.
→Avoid giving keywords like 'in all' or 'left'; let children understand the story.
→Use play money for Peter uncle's shop problems and for exchanging notes.
→Discuss the Jadupur barter story and why money makes exchange easier.
→Use the number grid to show patterns when adding 100, 10 and 1.
→Encourage mental calculation for the compare-and-match tasks and let children frame similar questions.

📋 Assessment Questions

Can the child draw a box diagram for 'Kishan had 456 saplings and gave away 63'?
Can the child add 3-digit numbers with regrouping, such as 364 + 52?
Can the child subtract with regrouping, such as 230 - 75, and explain the exchange?
Can the child pay an amount like Rs 55 in two different ways with notes and coins?
Can the child estimate a sum to the nearest hundred?

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