Inheritance

1What is Inheritance?✨

Inheritance is a key feature of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++. It allows a new class to inherit properties and behaviors (methods) from an existing class, promoting code reuse and organization.

2Why Learn Inheritance?🎯

• ✓ Reduces code duplication
• ✓ Enhances code readability
• ✓ Allows for hierarchical classifications
• ✓ Supports polymorphism for dynamic method resolution

3Your First Example💡

Let's create a simple class hierarchy. We will have a base class "Animal" and a derived class "Dog".

4```cpp🚀

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Animal {
public:
    void speak() {
        cout << "Animal speaks" << endl;
    }
};

class Dog : public Animal {
public:
    void bark() {
        cout << "Dog barks" << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Dog myDog;
    myDog.speak(); // Inherited method
    myDog.bark();  // Dog's own method
    return 0;
}
```

5Understanding Access Specifiers🔍

In C++, access specifiers control visibility of class members. The three types are public, protected, and private.

6- Public: Accessible from anywhere⭐

• Protected: Accessible in derived classes
• Private: Accessible only within the class

Using inheritance, protected members can be accessed by derived classes, while private members cannot.

7Creating a Class Hierarchy🧩

Inheritance allows us to create a hierarchy of classes. For example, we can have a "Cat" class derived from "Animal" just like "Dog".

8```cpp🎈

class Cat : public Animal {
public:
    void meow() {
        cout << "Cat meows" << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Cat myCat;
    myCat.speak(); // Inherited from Animal
    myCat.meow();  // Cat's own method
    return 0;
}
```

9What You'll Build This Grade✨

• ✓ Class hierarchies for different types of entities
• ✓ Programs that demonstrate real-world relationships
• ✓ Enhanced applications using polymorphism
• ✓ Efficient code through shared functionalities