सूक्तिसुधाClass 9 Sanskrit Anand Chapter 7 Notes – Maharashtra Board

Summary: सूक्तिसुधा

Verse 1: the wealth of learning cannot be stolen by a thief or taken by a king, cannot be divided among brothers and is not a burden to carry; it grows the more you spend it — so it is the chief of all wealth.

Verse 2: only small-minded people count 'this one is mine, that one is a stranger'; for the large-hearted, the whole earth is one family (वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्).

Verse 3: trees bear fruit, rivers flow and cows give milk for others; this body too is meant for helping others (परोपकारः).

Verse 4: good company removes dullness of the mind, sprinkles truth on speech, brings honour, removes sin, pleases the heart and spreads fame in all directions — tell me, what does it not do for people?

Verse 5: where women are respected, there the gods are pleased; where they are not respected, all actions are fruitless. Extras: an अमरकोष list of synonyms, number words 5–10 (same in all genders), and कर्मवाच्य — रामेण ग्रन्थः पठ्यते.

Key points to remember

• सूक्तिः = a short wise saying taken from a सुभाषित
• Learning: not stolen, not taxed, not divided, not heavy; grows when spent
• लघुचेतसः count 'mine / others'; उदारचरिताः treat the world as family
• परोपकाराय: trees फलन्ति, rivers वहन्ति, cows दुहन्ति
• सत्सङ्गतिः: six benefits — हरति, सिञ्चति, दिशति, अपाकरोति, प्रसादयति, तनोति
• यत्र नार्यः पूज्यन्ते रमन्ते तत्र देवताः — respect for women
• अमरकोषः = the classic Sanskrit thesaurus (synonyms in verse)
• Numbers from पञ्च upward have no gender difference: पञ्च बालकाः / बालिकाः / फलानि
• पञ्च: पञ्चभिः, पञ्चभ्यः, पञ्चानाम्, पञ्चसु; षष् → षट्, षड्भिः, षण्णाम्; अष्टन् → अष्ट / अष्टौ
• कर्मवाच्य: कर्ता in तृतीया, कर्म in प्रथमा, verb (root + य + ते) follows the कर्म

सूक्तिसुधा – Notes

1. Verses 1 and 2 — learning and the world family

• चोरहार्यम् (can be taken by a thief), राजहार्यम् (by a king), भ्रातृभाज्यम् (divided among brothers), भारकारि (making a load) — learning is none of these.
• व्यये कृते वर्धते एव — when spent (shared, taught) it only grows. Ordinary money shrinks when spent.
• Verse 2 contrasts लघुचेतसः (narrow-minded) with उदारचरिताः (generous in conduct). The narrow keep counting निजः (own) and परः (other).
• वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम् = वसुधा + एव + कुटुम्बकम् — the earth itself is a family. परो वेति = परः + वा + इति.

2. Verses 3 and 4 — helping others and good company

• Verse 3 uses the dative of purpose: परोपकाराय (for helping others). Trees फलन्ति (bear fruit), rivers वहन्ति (flow), cows दुहन्ति (give milk). Conclusion: इदं शरीरं परोपकारार्थम्.
• Verse 4 lists what सत्सङ्गतिः does: धियः जाड्यं हरति (removes dullness of mind), वाचि सत्यं सिञ्चति (sprinkles truth on speech), मानोन्नतिं दिशति (gives honour), पापम् अपाकरोति (removes sin).
• …चित्तं प्रसादयति (makes the mind clear and happy), दिक्षु कीर्तिं तनोति (spreads fame in all directions).
• कथय किं न करोति पुंसाम्? — a rhetorical question meaning 'it does everything good for people'.

3. Verse 5 — respect for women

• यत्र … तत्र = where … there. पूज्यन्ते = are honoured (passive). रमन्ते = rejoice, are pleased.
• If women are not honoured, all actions (क्रियाः) — rituals, work, efforts — become अफलाः (fruitless).
• Sandhi: नार्यस्तु = नार्यः + तु; यत्रैताः = यत्र + एताः; एतास्तु = एताः + तु; तत्राफलाः = तत्र + अफलाः; सर्वास्तत्र = सर्वाः + तत्र.
• Message: a family or society that respects women prospers; one that does not, fails in everything.

4. अमरकोषः — synonyms in verse

• The अमरकोष (by अमरसिंह) lists synonyms in verse lines. Each line is split (विग्रह) into separate words.
• राजा: राट्, पार्थिवः, क्ष्माभृत्, नृपः, भूपः, महीक्षित्. गुरुः: उपाध्यायः, अध्यापकः, निषेकादिकृत्. नासिका: घ्राणम्, गन्धवहा, घोणा, नासा.
• नेत्रम्: लोचनम्, नयनम्, ईक्षणम्, चक्षुः, अक्षि. कर्णः: शब्दग्रहः, श्रोत्रम्, श्रुतिः, श्रवणम्, श्रवः. षट्पदः: द्विरेफः, पुष्पलिट्, भृङ्गः, भ्रमरः, अलिः.
• नारी: स्त्री, योषित्, अङ्गना, योषा, सीमन्तिनी, वधूः. बुद्धिः: मनीषा, धिषणा, धीः, प्रज्ञा, शेमुषी, मतिः. शत्रुः: रिपुः, वैरी, सपत्नः, अरिः, द्विषत्, द्वेषणः, दुर्हृत्.

5. रम्यसंस्कृतम्: numbers 5–10 and कर्मवाच्य

• From पञ्च on, numbers do not change with gender: पञ्च आसन्दाः, पञ्च अङ्कन्यः, पञ्च भवनानि; सप्त ऋषयः, दश आननानि, नव रत्नानि. Forms: पञ्च, पञ्च, पञ्चभिः, पञ्चभ्यः, पञ्चभ्यः, पञ्चानाम्, पञ्चसु; 5–19 go like this.
• Special ones: षष् — षट्/षड्, षड्भिः, षड्भ्यः, षण्णाम्, षट्सु; अष्टन् — अष्ट/अष्टौ, अष्टभिः/अष्टाभिः, अष्टानाम्, अष्टसु/अष्टासु; नवन् — नव, नवभिः, नवानाम्, नवसु.
• कर्मवाच्य (passive): the verb follows the कर्म. रामेण ग्रन्थः पठ्यते; रामेण ग्रन्थौ पठ्येते; रामेण ग्रन्थाः पठ्यन्ते. कर्ता in तृतीया, कर्म in प्रथमा, verb = root + य + आत्मनेपद ending: गण्यते, उच्यते, दृश्यते.
• व्यासगणेशकथा: Brahma tells Vyasa to have Ganesha write the Mahabharata. Ganesha agrees on condition that Vyasa recites without stopping; Vyasa's counter-condition: Ganesha must not write a single letter without understanding it — so whenever Vyasa recites a hard verse, Ganesha stops to think, giving Vyasa time.

Five verses and their सूक्तिs

Key terms

सूक्तिसुधा – Flashcards

Read the question, answer it in your head, then tap the card to check. 20 cards.

सूक्तिसुधा – MCQ Quiz

15 questions. Tap an option — you will see at once if it is right and why.

How to study सूक्तिसुधा

⏱ About 45 minutes

1. Learn the verses (20 min)
   Read each verse with its prose order, memorise the five सूक्तिs first, then the full verses.
2. Words and grammar (10 min)
   Learn five अमरकोष lines and the number forms 5–10; change three active sentences into passive.
3. Practice (15 min)
   Do the 'Try it yourself' answers, take the quiz, revise flashcards and play 🎮 Play.