Engineering · lesson 17 of 24 · free

Strong shapes: triangles, arches and beams — Engineering for kids

Engineers use a few shapes again and again. A triangle frame cannot change shape unless a side changes length, so it is rigid — that is why roof trusses, electric pylons, crane arms and bicycle frames are full of triangles. A square frame with loose corner pins wobbles until a diagonal brace splits it into triangles; a frame with n sides needs n − 3 braces. Arches carry loads by squeezing their stones together, beams carry them across a gap, and domes spread them in all directions.

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Engineer's tip

Triangles stay put — “a triangle cannot change shape; other frames need diagonal braces”

  1. Triangles are rigid; trusses, towers and frames use them.
  2. A pin-jointed frame with n sides needs n − 3 corner-to-corner braces; a row of n triangles uses 2n + 1 straws.
  3. Arches squeeze (compression); beams span gaps; domes are arches turned round in a circle.

Use it for: Straw and newspaper tower challenges, building model bridges and spotting shapes in buildings.

Worked example: 🔺 Which strong shape does an electric pylon use? → triangle

  1. A pylon is a tall steel frame criss-crossed with bars.
  2. The bars form many triangles, which do not wobble.

Check: A hexagon frame needs 6 − 3 = 3 braces to be rigid ✓

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🏁 Lesson 17 test

20 questions. Check each answer, then go to the next one. Get 16 or more right to pass.

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🖨️ Engineering Worksheet: Strong Shapes

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