Matrices Class 12 Maths 1 Exercise 2.2 Solutions Maharashtra Board

Balbharti 12th Maharashtra State Board Maths Solutions Book Pdf Chapter 2 Matrices Ex 2.2 Questions and Answers.

12th Maths Part 1 Matrices Exercise 2.2 Questions And Answers Maharashtra Board

Question 1.
Find the co-factors of the elements of the following matrices
(i) \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2 \\
-3 & 4
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 2 \\
-3 & 4
\end{array}\right]\)
Here, a ₁₁ = -11, M ₁₁ = 4
∴ A ₁₁ = (-1) ¹⁺¹ (4) = 4
a ₁₂ = 2, M ₁₂ = -3
∴ A ₁₂ = (-1) ¹⁺² (- 3) = 3
a ₂₁ = – 3, M ₂₁ = -2
∴ A ₂₁ = (- 1) ²⁺¹ (2) = -2
a ₂₂ = 4, M ₂₂ = -1
∴ A ₂₂ = (-1) ²⁺² (-1) = -1.

(ii) \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 & -1 & 2 \\
-2 & 3 & 5 \\
-2 & 0 & -1
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 & -1 & 2 \\
-2 & 3 & 5 \\
-2 & 0 & -1
\end{array}\right]\)
The co-factor of a _ij is given by A _ij = (-1) ^i+j M _ij

Question 2.
Find the matrix of co-factors for the following matrices
(i) \(\left[\begin{array}{rr}
1 & 3 \\
4 & -1
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{rr}
1 & 3 \\
4 & -1
\end{array}\right]\)
Here, a ₁₁ = 1, M ₁₁ = -1
∴ A ₁₁ = (-1) ¹⁺¹ (-1) = -1
a ₁₂ = 3, M ₁₂ = 4
∴ A ₁₂ = (-1) ¹⁺² (4) = -4
a ₂₁ = 4, M ₂₁ = 3
∴ A ₂₁ = (-1) ²⁺¹ (3) = -3
a ₂₂ = -1, M ₂₂ = 1
∴ A ₂₂ = (-1) ²⁺¹ (1) = 1
∴ the co-factor matrix = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
A_{11} & A_{12} \\
A_{21} & A_{22}
\end{array}\right]\)
= \(\left(\begin{array}{rr}
-1 & -4 \\
-3 & 1
\end{array}\right)\)

(ii) \(\left[\begin{array}{rrr}
1 & 0 & 2 \\
-2 & 1 & 3 \\
0 & 3 & -5
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{rrr}
1 & 0 & 2 \\
-2 & 1 & 3 \\
0 & 3 & -5
\end{array}\right]\)



A ₁₁ = -14, A ₁₂ = -10, A ₁₃ = -6,
A ₂₁ = 6, A ₂₂ = -5, A ₂₃ = -3,
A ₃₁ = -2, A ₃₂ = -7, A ₃₃ = 1.
∴ the co-factor matrix
= \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}
A_{11} & A_{12} & A_{13} \\
A_{21} & A_{22} & A_{23} \\
A_{31} & A_{32} & A_{33}
\end{array}\right]\) = \(\left[\begin{array}{rrr}
-14 & -10 & -6 \\
6 & -5 & -3 \\
-2 & -7 & 1
\end{array}\right]\)

Question 3.
Find the adjoint of the following matrices.
(i) \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -3 \\
3 & 5
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -3 \\
3 & 5
\end{array}\right]\)
Here, a ₁₁ = 2, M ₁₁ = 5
∴ A ₁₁ = (-1) ¹⁺¹ (5) = 5
a ₁₂ = -3, M ₁₂ = 3
∴ A ₁₂ = (-1) ¹⁺² (3) = -3
a ₂₁ = 3, M ₂₁ = -3
∴ A A ₂₁ = (-1) ²⁺¹ (-3) = 3
a ₂₂ = 5, M ₂₂ = 2
∴ A ₂₂ = (-1) ²⁺¹ = 2
∴ the co-factor matrix = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
A_{11} & A_{12} \\
A_{21} & A_{22}
\end{array}\right]\)
= \(\left[\begin{array}{rr}
5 & -3 \\
3 & 2
\end{array}\right]\)
∴ adj A = \(\left(\begin{array}{rr}
5 & 3 \\
-3 & 2
\end{array}\right)\)

(ii) \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 & -1 & 2 \\
-2 & 3 & 5 \\
-2 & 0 & -1
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:


A ₁₁ = -3, A ₁₂ = -12, A ₁₃ = 6,
A ₂₁ = -1, A ₂₂ = 3, A ₂₃ = 2,
A ₃₁ = -11, A ₃₂ = -9, A ₃₃ = 1
∴ the co-factor matrix = \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}
\mathrm{A}_{11} & \mathrm{~A}_{12} & \mathrm{~A}_{15} \\
\mathrm{~A}_{21} & \mathrm{~A}_{22} & \mathrm{~A}_{23} \\
\mathrm{~A}_{31} & \mathrm{~A}_{32} & \mathrm{~A}_{33}
\end{array}\right]\)
= \(\left[\begin{array}{rrr}
-3 & -12 & 6 \\
-1 & 3 & 2 \\
-11 & -9 & 1
\end{array}\right]\)
∴ adj A = \(\left[\begin{array}{rrr}
-3 & -1 & -11 \\
-12 & 3 & -9 \\
6 & 2 & 1
\end{array}\right]\)

Question 4.
If A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 & -1 & 2 \\
3 & 0 & -2 \\
1 & 0 & 3
\end{array}\right]\), verify that A (adj A) = (adj A) A = | A | ∙ I
Solution:
A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 & -1 & 2 \\
3 & 0 & -2 \\
1 & 0 & 3
\end{array}\right]\)




From (1), (2) and (3), we get,
A(adj A) = (adj A)A = |A|∙I.
Note: This relation is valid for any non-singular matrix A.

Question 5.
Find the inverse of the following matrices by the adjoint method
(i) \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
-1 & 5 \\
-3 & 2
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
-1 & 5 \\
-3 & 2
\end{array}\right]\)
∴ |A| = \(\left|\begin{array}{ll}
-1 & 5 \\
-3 & 2
\end{array}\right|\) = -2 + 15 = 13 ≠ 0
∴ A ^-1 exists.
First we have to find the co-factor matrix
= [A _ij ] _2×2 , where A _ij = (-1) ^i+j M _ij
Now, A ₁₁ = (-1) ¹⁺¹ M ₁₁ = 2
A ₁₂ = (-1) ¹⁺² M ₁₂ = -(-3) = 3
A ₂₁ = (-1) ²⁺¹ M ₂₁ = -5
A ₂₂ = (-1) ²⁺² M ₂₂ = -1
Hence, the co-factor matrix

(ii) \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -2 \\
4 & 3
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -2 \\
4 & 3
\end{array}\right]\)
|A| = \(\) = 6 + 8 = 14 ≠ 0
∴ A ^-1 exist
First we have to find the co-factor matrix
= [A _ij ] _2×2 where A _ij = (-1) ^i+j M _ij
Now, A ₁₁ = (-1) ¹⁺¹ M ₁₁ = 3
A ₁₂ = (-1) ¹⁺² M = -4
A ₂₁ = (-2) ²⁺¹ M ₂₁ = (-2) = 2
A ₂₂ = (-1) ²⁺² M ₂₂ = 2
Hence the co-factor matrix
= \(\left[\begin{array}{ll}
A_{11} & A_{12} \\
A_{21} & A_{22}
\end{array}\right]\) = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
3 & -4 \\
2 & 2
\end{array}\right]\)
∴ adj A = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
3 & 2 \\
-4 & 2
\end{array}\right]\)
∴ A ^-1 = \(\frac{1}{|\mathrm{~A}|}\) (adj A) = \(\frac{1}{14}\left(\begin{array}{cc}
3 & 2 \\
-4 & 2
\end{array}\right)\)

(iii) \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 & 0 & 0 \\
3 & 3 & 0 \\
5 & 2 & -1
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
1 & 0 & 0 \\
3 & 3 & 0 \\
5 & 2 & -1
\end{array}\right]\)



∴ A ^-1 = \(\frac{1}{3}\left[\begin{array}{rrr}
3 & 0 & 0 \\
-3 & 1 & 0 \\
9 & 2 & -3
\end{array}\right]\)

(iv) \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
0 & 2 & 4 \\
0 & 0 & 5
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
0 & 2 & 4 \\
0 & 0 & 5
\end{array}\right]\)
∴ |A| = \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}
1 & 2 & 3 \\
0 & 2 & 4 \\
0 & 0 & 5
\end{array}\right]\)
= 1(10 – 0) – 0 + 0
= 1(10) – 0 + 0
= 10 ≠ 0
∴ A ^-1 exists.
First we have to find the co-factor matrix


∴ A ^-1 = \(\frac{1}{|\mathrm{~A}|}\) (adj A)
= \(\frac{1}{10}\left(\begin{array}{rrr}
10 & -10 & 2 \\
0 & 5 & -4 \\
0 & 0 & 2
\end{array}\right)\)
∴ A ^-1 = \(\frac{1}{10}\left(\begin{array}{rrr}
10 & -10 & 2 \\
0 & 5 & -4 \\
0 & 0 & 2
\end{array}\right)\)

Question 6.
Find the inverse of the following matrices
(i) \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
1 & 2 \\
2 & -1
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
1 & 2 \\
2 & -1
\end{array}\right]\)

(ii) \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -3 \\
-1 & 2
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{cc}
2 & -3 \\
-1 & 2
\end{array}\right]\)

∴ A ^-1 = \(\left(\begin{array}{ll}
2 & 3 \\
1 & 2
\end{array}\right)\)

(iii) \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}
0 & 1 & 2 \\
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 1 & 1
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{lll}
0 & 1 & 2 \\
1 & 2 & 3 \\
3 & 1 & 1
\end{array}\right]\)

(iv) \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
2 & 0 & -1 \\
5 & 1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 3
\end{array}\right]\)
Solution:
Let A = \(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}
2 & 0 & -1 \\
5 & 1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 3
\end{array}\right]\)