Electronics · lesson 26 of 30 · free

Sensors and actuators — Electronics for kids

Sensors are inputs that measure the world: light, temperature, distance, motion, soil moisture, sound, gas and rain. Actuators are outputs that act: a motor spins wheels, a servo motor turns to an exact angle, a buzzer beeps, an LED shows a status light, a pump moves water and a display shows numbers. A distance sensor sends a sound pulse and times the echo: sound travels about 34 cm every millisecond there and back, so each 1 ms of echo means 17 cm.

▶ Watch how it works

Got it? Practise ↓

Remember

Measure it, then move it — “pick the sensor for what must be measured and the actuator for what must happen”

  1. Match the sensor to the quantity: light, heat, distance, movement, soil wetness, sound, gas or rain.
  2. Match the actuator to the action: spin (motor), exact angle (servo), beep (buzzer), light (LED), water (pump), numbers (display).
  3. Echo distance = 17 × echo time in ms (cm), because the sound goes there and back.

Use it for: Planning robots and smart gadgets, science fairs and choosing parts for a microcontroller project.

Worked example: 🔍 Which sensor would you use to water a dry plant? → a soil moisture sensor

  1. To know if a plant needs water we must measure how wet the soil is.
  2. That needs a soil moisture sensor.

Check: The pump that waters the plant is the actuator ✓

▶ Watch it animated

✏️ Practice

Work it out in your head or on paper, type the answer and press Check. Stuck? Press “Show me how”.

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🏁 Lesson 26 test

20 questions. Check each answer, then go to the next one. Get 16 or more right to pass.

🏅 Sign in with Google to earn the 🔍 Sensor Picker badge when you pass — and a certificate when you finish all 10 lessons of Part 3 · Microcontrollers and IoT. You can still take the test without signing in.

🖨️ Electronics Worksheet: Sensors and Actuators

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