Robotics · lesson 4 of 30 · free

Power for robots — Robotics for kids

Moving robots carry a rechargeable battery; robots on far-away planets often use solar panels; big factory arms that never move are wired to a power cable. A battery’s size is often written in mAh (milliampere-hours). A 2000 mAh battery can give 500 mA for 4 hours, because 2000 ÷ 500 = 4. We can also work in percent: if a robot uses 5% every 2 minutes, a full 100% battery lasts 100 ÷ 5 = 20 blocks of 2 minutes = 40 minutes.

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Robot tip

Holds ÷ uses — “battery time = what the battery holds ÷ what the robot uses”

  1. Hours = capacity in mAh ÷ current in mA (2000 mAh ÷ 500 mA = 4 hours).
  2. Percent: blocks = 100% ÷ % used per block; time = blocks × minutes per block.
  3. Cells in series add up: 4 cells of 1.5 V give 6 V.

Use it for: Planning how long a robot can run in a competition, charging robot toys and science lessons on energy.

Worked example: 🔋 A robot’s battery holds 2000 mAh and the robot uses 500 mA. For how many hours can it run? → 4

  1. Battery time = what it holds ÷ what the robot uses.
  2. 2000 mAh ÷ 500 mA = 4 hours.

Check: 500 mA × 4 hours = 2000 mAh ✓

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🖨️ Robotics Worksheet: Robot Batteries

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