धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौ Class 9 Sanskrit Amod Notes

धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौClass 9 Sanskrit Amod Chapter 3 Notes – Maharashtra Board

A story from Kalidasa's रघुवंशम् (canto 5): the student Kautsa needs fourteen crore gold coins as गुरुदक्षिणा, and King Raghu — who has just given away everything — still finds a way to help. Both the generous giver and the content receiver are praised. The lesson's extra pages teach the imperative mood (लोट् लकार, किं करवाणि?), a fun सन्धि joke, writing skills (essay, dialogue and picture completion) and सवर्णदीर्घसन्धि.

🎧 Listen to the summary

Summary: धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौ

Sage Varatantu, a kind and skilled teacher, had many bright pupils. One of them, Kautsa, finished his studies and wished to give his guru a fee (गुरुदक्षिणा). The guru said he was already pleased with Kautsa's study and service and wanted nothing.

Kautsa kept insisting, so to test him the guru asked for one crore gold coins for each of the fourteen विद्याः he had learnt — fourteen crore in all. Worried, Kautsa thought only King Raghu could give so much and went to him.

Raghu had just performed the विश्वजित् sacrifice and given away all his wealth. Seeing the empty-handed king, Kautsa turned to leave, but Raghu called him back, asked him to rest in the sacrifice hall and promised to help.

Raghu decided to attack Kubera, the god of wealth. Out of fear, Kubera rained gold even before the attack. Raghu offered all of it to Kautsa, but Kautsa, free from greed, took only the fourteen crore he needed. The people of Ayodhya honoured both the giver and the receiver.

Extra pages: लोट् लकार for orders, requests and wishes (उपविशत, पठतु, खादानि, लभताम्); the 'मोदकैः / मा उदकैः' joke; filling an essay, dialogues and picture descriptions from a word box; and सवर्णदीर्घसन्धि (नव + अपि = नवापि).

Key points to remember

Source: रघुवंशम् by महाकवि कालिदासः, सर्ग 5
वरतन्तुः = the guru; कौत्सः = the student (बटुः); रघुः = the king (दाता)
Fee asked: चतुर्दशकोटिसुवर्णमुद्राः — one crore for each of 14 विद्याः
Raghu was रिक्तकोषः after the विश्वजित् यज्ञ
Kubera showered gold out of fear of Raghu's planned attack
Kautsa was निःस्पृहः — took only what he needed
Title दातृयाचकौ = the giver and the asker — both are blessed (धन्यौ)
लोट् लकार = imperative: orders, requests, blessings, polite questions
Polite 'you': भवान् / भवती + 3rd-person verb (भवान् उपविशतु)
सवर्णदीर्घसन्धि: two similar vowels → one long vowel

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धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौ – Notes

1. 3.1 Kautsa and his guru

In a तपोवन lived the sage वरतन्तुः, an expert teacher (अध्यापने निपुणः) and kind by nature (प्रकृत्या दयालुः). Many intelligent pupils (मेधाविनः बटवः) studied with him.
After completing his studies (विद्याध्ययनं समाप्य), Kautsa humbly told his guru that he wanted to offer a fee.
The guru replied that he was very pleased (भृशं प्रीतः) with Kautsa's study and service and needed no other fee, and blessed him. Kautsa still insisted again and again.
To test him (परीक्षितुम्), the guru asked for fourteen crore gold coins because Kautsa had learnt fourteen विद्याः from him. Kautsa became anxious (चिन्ताकुलः) and decided to go to Raghu.

✏️ Solved example

प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत — वरतन्तुः अध्यापने निपुणः।

The underlined word अध्यापने is in the 7th case (in what?).
Use कस्मिन्.

Answer: वरतन्तुः कस्मिन् निपुणः?

2. 3.2 Raghu, Kubera and the shower of gold

After conquering all directions (दिग्विजयानन्तरम्), Raghu performed the विश्वजित् sacrifice and gave away his entire wealth. Seeing the empty-handed king (रिक्तहस्तम्), Kautsa turned back.
Raghu called him (आहूय) and asked why he had come. Kautsa explained his need and said he would try elsewhere, since the king had already given away everything.
Raghu stopped him: 'Stay and rest in my sacrifice hall; I will surely help you.' Moved by Kautsa's devotion to his guru, Raghu resolved to attack Kubera.
Kubera, afraid of Raghu, showered plenty of gold before the attack. Raghu wanted to give all of it to Kautsa, but Kautsa wanted no more than fourteen crore. So the generous king (दानशूरः) and the desireless student (निरिच्छः) both became worthy of honour for the people of साकेत (Ayodhya).

✏️ Solved example

मौखिककार्यम् — यथाक्रमं वदत: (अ) कौत्सस्य रघुं प्रति गमनम् (आ) गुरोः चतुर्दशमुद्राणां याचना (इ) कुबेरेण कृता सुवर्णवृष्टिः (ई) रघोः कुबेर-आक्रमणस्य सङ्कल्पः (उ) कौत्सस्य अध्ययनेन गुरुः प्रीतः

Follow the story: guru pleased → guru's demand → going to Raghu → Raghu's plan → Kubera's shower.

Answer: उ, आ, अ, ई, इ.

3. हसत नन्दत — सन्धिरपि विनोदाय

A learned queen, splashed with cold water by the king during water-play, said in Sanskrit 'मोदकैस्ताडय माम्'.
The king heard मोदकैः (with sweets) and sent for a golden plate of laddus to 'hit' her with.
She smiled and explained she meant मा + उदकैः — 'do not hit me with water'. मा + उ joins as मो, so the two phrases sound the same.
Lesson: knowing सन्धि is needed to understand a sentence correctly.

4. रम्यसंस्कृतम् — किं करवाणि? (लोट् लकार)

लोट् लकार (imperative) is used for orders, instructions, requests and wishes: उपविशत (sit down, all of you), वातायनम् उद्घाटय (open the window), कोलाहलः मा अस्तु (no noise).
A polite question for permission uses the first person: अपि प्रविशानि? (may I come in?), अपि मार्जयाव फलकम्? (may we two clean the board?).
परस्मैपद (खाद्): खादतु खादताम् खादन्तु / खाद खादतम् खादत / खादानि खादाव खादाम.
आत्मनेपद (लभ्): लभताम् लभेताम् लभन्ताम् / लभस्व लभेथाम् लभध्वम् / लभै लभावहै लभामहै.
भवान् / भवती (polite 'you') always take the third-person verb: भवान् उपविशतु, भवती प्रार्थयताम्. With त्वम् the second person is used: त्वम् उपविश, त्वं प्रार्थयस्व.
पठत–बोधत 'तत् त्वम् असि': Uddalaka shows his son Shvetaketu that salt dissolved in water cannot be seen or separated, yet every sip tastes salty — just as Brahman is present everywhere though unseen. (The book names the श्वेताश्वतर-उपनिषद् as the source; the famous phrase is best known from the छान्दोग्य-उपनिषद्.)

✏️ Solved example

भवान्/भवती-स्थाने त्वं योजयित्वा लिखत — भवान् अत्र उपविशतु।

भवान् takes the 3rd-person form उपविशतु.
त्वम् takes the 2nd-person singular उपविश.

Answer: त्वम् अत्र उपविश।

5. लेखनकौशलम्-१ and स्वराणां सृष्टिः

Essay completion (निबन्धं पूरयत): fill short essays on Kalidasa and Ganeshotsav with words from the मञ्जूषा. Read the full sentence first and check case endings (भाषासु needs विविधासु; समीपे needs a 6th case).
Dialogue completion (संवादं पूरयत): a mother waking Kailas for his uncle's birthday, and Shubham buying a train ticket to Nagpur.
Picture description (चित्रवर्णनम्): Rakshabandhan scene and a bus stand scene.
सवर्णदीर्घसन्धि: अ/आ + अ/आ = आ (नव + अपि = नवापि), इ/ई + इ/ई = ई (पठति + इति = पठतीति), उ/ऊ + उ/ऊ = ऊ (गुरु + उपदेशः = गुरूपदेशः), ऋ + ऋ = ॠ (मातृ + ऋणम् = मातॄणम्).

✏️ Solved example

Fill: ___ + इव = नदीव; परि + ___ = परीक्षा.

ई in the result came from ई + इ / इ + ई.
Split off the first word and the second word.

Answer: नदी + इव = नदीव; परि + ईक्षा = परीक्षा.

लोट् लकार (imperative) — खाद् (परस्मैपद) and लभ् (आत्मनेपद)

Person	खाद् — एक / द्वि / बहु	लभ् — एक / द्वि / बहु
प्रथमपुरुषः	खादतु / खादताम् / खादन्तु	लभताम् / लभेताम् / लभन्ताम्
मध्यमपुरुषः	खाद / खादतम् / खादत	लभस्व / लभेथाम् / लभध्वम्
उत्तमपुरुषः	खादानि / खादाव / खादाम	लभै / लभावहै / लभामहै
भवान् / भवती	खादतु	लभताम् (3rd person with polite 'you')
नव + अपि	नवापि	अ + अ = आ
पठति + इति	पठतीति	इ + इ = ई
गुरु + उपदेशः	गुरूपदेशः	उ + उ = ऊ
भ्रातृ + ऋषभः	भ्रातॄषभः	ऋ + ऋ = ॠ

Key terms

गुरुदक्षिणाFee or gift given to the teacher after studies.

बटुःA young student (in an आश्रम).

चतुर्दशविद्याःThe fourteen branches of learning.

कोटिःA crore (1,00,00,000).

रिक्तकोषःOne whose treasury is empty.

विश्वजित्A sacrifice in which everything is given away.

दानशूरःHeroic in giving, very generous.

निःस्पृहः / निरिच्छःFree from desire, content.

याचकःOne who asks, a seeker.

साकेतःAyodhya.

लोट् लकारImperative mood.

मञ्जूषाWord box for fill-in exercises.

✍️ Try it yourself

Solve each one in your notebook first. Then open the solution and compare every step.

1. एकवाक्येन उत्तरत — (अ) वरतन्तुः ऋषिः कीदृशः आसीत्? (आ) कौत्सेन कति विद्याः अधीताः? (इ) कौत्सः कस्य शिष्यः आसीत्? (ई) रघोः यज्ञस्य नाम किम्? (उ) कः स्वर्णवृष्टिम् अकरोत्?

Show solution

Answer each in one full Sanskrit sentence.

Answer: (अ) वरतन्तुः ऋषिः अध्यापने निपुणः प्रकृत्या दयालुः च आसीत्। (आ) कौत्सेन चतुर्दश विद्याः अधीताः। (इ) कौत्सः वरतन्तोः शिष्यः आसीत्। (ई) रघोः यज्ञस्य नाम विश्वजित्। (उ) कुबेरः स्वर्णवृष्टिम् अकरोत्।

2. प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत — (अ) वरतन्तुः अध्यापने निपुणः। (आ) रघुः कौत्सस्य भक्त्या प्रभावितः। (underlined: अध्यापने, कौत्सस्य)

Show solution

अध्यापने is 7th case → कस्मिन्.
कौत्सस्य is 6th case → कस्य.

Answer: (अ) वरतन्तुः कस्मिन् निपुणः? (आ) रघुः कस्य भक्त्या प्रभावितः?

3. समूहेतरं पदं चिनुत — (क) यज्ञः, क्रतुः, सप्ततन्तुः, वरतन्तुः (ख) पर्जन्यः, वर्षा, दृष्टिः, वृष्टिः (ग) विज्ञः, अज्ञः, अभिज्ञः, पटुः (घ) क्ष्माभृत्, याचकः, वनीयकः, मार्गणः (ङ) कुबेरः, यागः, धनाधिपः, धनदः. Also विरुद्धार्थकशब्दौ: प्रभूतम्, समीपम्.

Show solution

Three words in each group share a meaning; find the outsider.

Answer: (क) वरतन्तुः (ख) दृष्टिः (ग) अज्ञः (घ) क्ष्माभृत् (ङ) यागः. प्रभूतम् – अल्पम् / स्वल्पम्; समीपम् – दूरम्.

4. वाक्यं शुद्धं कुरुत — (अ) अहं मुद्राः गुरुं दातुम् ऐच्छम्। (आ) वरतन्तुः कौत्सम् अकथयत्।

Show solution

'Give to' takes the 4th case.
कथ् (tell) also takes the person told in the 4th case.

Answer: (अ) अहं मुद्राः गुरवे दातुम् ऐच्छम्। (आ) वरतन्तुः कौत्साय अकथयत्।

5. पाठात् उकारान्तनामानि विशेषणानि च चित्वा लिखत। Also मञ्जूषातः कोष्टकं पूरयत (उपगम्य, श्रुत्वा, दृष्ट्वा, आहूय, दातुम्, आदातुम्, परीक्षितुम्, विहाय, समाप्य).

Show solution

Look for words ending in -उः.
Sort the अव्यय by ending: -त्वा, -य, -तुम्.

Answer: उकारान्तनामानि: वरतन्तुः, गुरुः, बटुः, रघुः; विशेषणम्: दयालुः. त्वान्तम्: श्रुत्वा, दृष्ट्वा; ल्यबन्तम्: उपगम्य, आहूय, विहाय, समाप्य; तुमन्तम्: दातुम्, आदातुम्, परीक्षितुम्.

6. वाक्यानि पूरयत (वर्धताम्, गायाम, यच्छ, आरोहाव, पठतु, तरत, खनतम्, रमस्व, लभेताम्) — अम्ब भोजनं __; सः पाठं __; वयं गीतं __; यूयं जले __; आवाम् आम्रवृक्षं __; युवां भूमिं __; युष्माकं सुखं __; छात्रौ यशः __; त्वं स्वाध्याये __.

Show solution

Match person and number of the subject with the verb.

Answer: यच्छ; पठतु; गायाम; तरत; आरोहाव; खनतम्; वर्धताम्; लभेताम्; रमस्व.

7. भवान्/भवती-स्थाने त्वं योजयित्वा लिखत — भवान् अत्र उपविशतु। भवती बन्धनं मुञ्चताम्। भवती प्रार्थयताम्। भवान् शीघ्रं पृच्छतु। भवन्तः भद्राणि पश्यन्तु। भवत्यः पाकं पचन्तु।

Show solution

Change the 3rd-person verb to the 2nd person.
For the plural भवन्तः / भवत्यः use यूयम् with the plural.

Answer: त्वम् अत्र उपविश। त्वं बन्धनं मुञ्च। त्वं प्रार्थयस्व। त्वं शीघ्रं पृच्छ। यूयं भद्राणि पश्यत। यूयं पाकं पचत।

8. निबन्धं पूरयत — कालिदासः (मञ्जूषा: संस्कृतकविषु, कथाः, सः, सप्तकृतयः, विविधासु, द्वे, राजते, भोजराजेन).

Show solution

Fill the blanks in order; check each word's case.

Answer: Blanks in order: संस्कृतकविषु, राजते, सप्तकृतयः, द्वे, सः, विविधासु, भोजराजेन, कथाः.

9. संवादं पूरयत — (१) माता–कैलासः (नयाव, मातः, उत्तिष्ठ, पितृव्यस्य, कृत्वा, मम, सिद्धता) (२) शुभम्–चिटिकाविक्रेता (पुणेनगरात्, धन्यवादः, रूप्यकाणि, समयः, गच्छति, गन्तुम्, रेलयानेन, कृपया, चिटिका, प्रातः).

Show solution

Read the dialogue once fully; each word fits one blank.

Answer: (१) उत्तिष्ठ, मम, कृत्वा, मातः, पितृव्यस्य, सिद्धतां, नयाव. (२) कृपया, रेलयानेन, गन्तुम्, चिटिका, रूप्यकाणि, समयः, पुणेनगरात्, प्रातः, गच्छति, धन्यवादः.

10. चित्रवर्णनं पूरयत — (१) रक्षाबन्धनम् (उपहारः, रक्षाबन्धनस्य, बद्धुं, रङ्गवल्ली, आनन्देन, आसनम्, भ्रातुः, पीठे) (२) बसस्थानकम् (वृक्षाः, तिष्ठन्ति, दर्शयति, विक्रेतारं, कर्कटीः, महिलायाः, धावतः, बसस्थानकस्य).

Show solution

Look at the picture: who is where and doing what.

Answer: (१) रक्षाबन्धनस्य, उपहारः, भ्रातुः, बद्धुं, आनन्देन, पीठे, आसनम्, रङ्गवल्ली. (२) बसस्थानकस्य, तिष्ठन्ति, कर्कटीः, विक्रेतारं, वृक्षाः, धावतः, महिलायाः, दर्शयति.

11. स्वराणां सृष्टिः — रिक्तस्थानानि पूरयत: __ + अत्र = तथात्र; लेखनस्य + __ = लेखनस्याशयः; __ + इव = नदीव; परि + __ = परीक्षा; __ + उत्साहः = वधूत्साहः; __ + ऊर्जा = भानूर्जा; पितृ + __ = पितॄतम्; भ्रातृ + __ = भ्रातॄषभः.

Show solution

The long vowel in the result came from two similar vowels; split it back.

Answer: तथा; आशयः; नदी; ईक्षा; वधू; भानु; ऋतम्; ऋषभः.

धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौ – Flashcards

Read the question, answer it in your head, then tap the card to check. 20 cards.

Who wrote the रघुवंशम्?

Mahakavi Kalidasa.

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Who was Kautsa's guru?

Varatantu.

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What kind of teacher was Varatantu?

Skilled in teaching and kind by nature.

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How many विद्याः did Kautsa learn?

Fourteen.

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What fee did the guru finally ask for?

Fourteen crore gold coins.

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Why did the guru ask for so much?

To test Kautsa, who kept insisting.

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Name of Raghu's sacrifice?

विश्वजित्.

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Why did Kautsa turn back at first?

Raghu had given away all his wealth.

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Whom did Raghu plan to attack?

Kubera, the lord of wealth.

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Who rained gold?

Kubera, out of fear of Raghu.

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How much did Kautsa take?

Only fourteen crore — nothing extra.

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Meaning of the title दातृयाचकौ?

The giver and the asker.

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Odd one out: यज्ञः, क्रतुः, सप्ततन्तुः, वरतन्तुः

वरतन्तुः (the rest mean sacrifice).

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Opposite of प्रभूतम्?

अल्पम् / स्वल्पम्.

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Correct: अहं मुद्राः गुरुं दातुम् ऐच्छम्।

अहं मुद्राः गुरवे दातुम् ऐच्छम्। (give → 4th case)

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Hidden words in 'मोदकैस्ताडय'?

मा + उदकैः — don't hit me with water.

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लोट् 2nd person singular of खाद्?

खाद

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लोट् 1st person singular of लभ्?

लभै

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Rewrite with त्वम्: भवती प्रार्थयताम्।

त्वं प्रार्थयस्व।

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गुरु + उपदेशः = ?

गुरूपदेशः

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धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौ – MCQ Quiz

15 questions. Tap an option — you will see at once if it is right and why.

1. कौत्सः कस्य शिष्यः आसीत्?

Answer: B. Varatantu was his guru.

2. कौत्सेन कति विद्याः अधीताः?

Answer: B. Fourteen विद्याः.

3. रघोः यज्ञस्य नाम किम्?

Answer: B. In the विश्वजित् sacrifice everything is given away.

4. कः स्वर्णवृष्टिम् अकरोत्?

Answer: B. Kubera, out of fear.

5. Why did the guru demand fourteen crore coins?

Answer: C. तं परीक्षितुम् — to test him.

6. Raghu was moved by Kautsa's…

Answer: C. कौत्सस्य गुरुभक्त्या प्रभावितः.

7. Which word best describes Kautsa at the end?

Answer: C. He took nothing beyond his need.

8. Odd one out: क्ष्माभृत्, याचकः, वनीयकः, मार्गणः

Answer: A. क्ष्माभृत् = king; the others mean beggar/asker.

9. Pick the ल्यबन्त form from the box.

Answer: B. आ + ह्वे → आहूय.

10. The 'मोदकैः' joke depends on…

Answer: B. मा + उ = मो.

11. लोट् उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन of खाद्?

Answer: C. Imperative 'let me eat' = खादानि.

12. आवाम् आम्रवृक्षं ___ ।

Answer: A. आवाम् (we two) → dual first person आरोहाव.

13. भवान् ___ पृच्छतु — with त्वम् it becomes…

Answer: B. त्वम् takes the 2nd-person imperative पृच्छ.

14. ___ + अत्र = तथात्र

Answer: B. तथा + अत्र: आ + अ = आ.

15. मातृ + ऋणम् = ?

Answer: B. ऋ + ऋ = long ॠ.

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धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौClass 9 Sanskrit Amod Chapter 3 Notes – Maharashtra Board

Summary: धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौ

Key points to remember

धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौ – Notes

1. 3.1 Kautsa and his guru

2. 3.2 Raghu, Kubera and the shower of gold

3. हसत नन्दत — सन्धिरपि विनोदाय

4. रम्यसंस्कृतम् — किं करवाणि? (लोट् लकार)

5. लेखनकौशलम्-१ and स्वराणां सृष्टिः

लोट् लकार (imperative) — खाद् (परस्मैपद) and लभ् (आत्मनेपद)

Key terms

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धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौ – Flashcards

धन्यौ तौ दातृयाचकौ – MCQ Quiz

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