Animation and design · lesson 6 of 24 · free

Principles of animation — Animation for kids

Animators use a set of principles to make movement feel alive. Here are six clear ones. Squash and stretch: a ball flattens when it lands and stretches as it flies. Anticipation: a small move the other way first, like crouching before a jump. Timing: fewer frames for a fast move, more frames for a slow one. Follow-through: hair, a cape or a tail keeps moving after the body stops. Slow in and slow out: moves start and stop gently. Arcs: arms, heads and thrown balls travel along curves.

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Creator's tip

Six principles — “squash and stretch, anticipation, timing, follow-through, slow in and slow out, arcs”

  1. Squash and stretch = bending shape (the amount stays the same); anticipation = getting ready first.
  2. Timing = how many frames a move takes; follow-through = loose parts keep moving after a stop.
  3. Slow in and slow out = more frames near the start and end; arcs = curved paths.

Use it for: Making a bouncing ball, a jump or a walk look alive, and spotting good animation in cartoons you watch.

Worked example: 🎬 Which animation principle is this: “crouch before a jump”? → anticipation

  1. Crouching is a small move the other way that gets the character ready.
  2. Getting ready before the main action is anticipation.

Check: The jump itself is the action; the crouch before it is the anticipation ✓

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🖨️ Animation Worksheet: Principles of Animation

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