Problem Set 14 – Multiplying by Two- and Three-Digit NumbersClass 5 Maths · Chapter 4 Multiplication and Division · Problem Set 14 – Maharashtra Board

Summary: Problem Set 14 – Multiplying by Two- and Three-Digit Numbers

In 638 × 247, 638 is the multiplicand, 247 is the multiplier and the answer is the product.

Break the multiplier by place value: 247 = 200 + 40 + 7. Multiply by each part on its own line.

Line 1: multiply by the ones digit. Line 2: by the tens (put a 0 at the end first). Line 3: by the hundreds (put 00 at the end first).

Add all the lines to get the product. If the multiplier has a 0 digit, that line is all zeros and you may skip it.

Multiplication is a quick way of adding the same number again and again, so it is used in many 'how much for all' problems.

Key points to remember

• Multiplicand × multiplier = product
• Break the multiplier: 247 = 200 + 40 + 7
• Ones line → no zero added
• Tens line → one 0 at the end
• Hundreds line → two 0s at the end
• Add all the lines for the product
• A 0 in the multiplier gives a line of zeros
• Price of one × number of things = total cost

Problem Set 14 – Multiplying by Two- and Three-Digit Numbers – Notes

1. The names

• The number being multiplied is the multiplicand.
• The number we multiply by is the multiplier.
• The answer is the product. In 25 × 4 = 100, 25 is the multiplicand, 4 the multiplier and 100 the product.

2. Multiplying by a three-digit number

• Write the bigger number on top and the multiplier below it.
• Multiply by the ones digit, then the tens digit, then the hundreds digit — each on a new line.
• Shift each new line one place to the left (that is why we write 0 or 00 at the end).

3. When the multiplier has a zero

• In 1508 × 304, the tens digit is 0, so 1508 × 0 tens gives 0.
• You can write a line of zeros or simply skip it and move to the hundreds.
• 1508 × 4 = 6,032 and 1508 × 300 = 4,52,400, so the product is 4,58,432.

4. Word problems

• Look for 'each', 'per' or 'one costs'. Then the total = value for one × how many.
• Example: one bag costs ₹48 and a school buys 125 bags → 48 × 125 = ₹6,000.
• To frame your own problem from two numbers, think of a price and a quantity, or rows and plants in each row.

5. Handy checks

• Round to guess: 638 × 247 is close to 600 × 250 = 1,50,000, so 1,57,586 is sensible.
• Multiplying by 99 is like multiplying by 100 and taking away one copy: 45 × 99 = 4,500 − 45 = 4,455.
• Keep carried digits in your head, but say them softly so you do not forget them.

Formulas at a glance

Key terms

Problem Set 14 – Multiplying by Two- and Three-Digit Numbers – Flashcards

Read the question, answer it in your head, then tap the card to check. 10 cards.

Problem Set 14 – Multiplying by Two- and Three-Digit Numbers – MCQ Quiz

10 questions. Tap an option — you will see at once if it is right and why.

How to study Problem Set 14 – Multiplying by Two- and Three-Digit Numbers

⏱ About 30 minutes

1. Learn (5 min)
   Learn the names multiplicand, multiplier, product and how to split the multiplier.
2. Practise (20 min)
   Do the worked example again on paper, then the 4 'Try it yourself' sums.
3. Check (5 min)
   Estimate each answer by rounding, then take the quiz and play 🎮 Play.